Risk management for Supplier Global Expansion Plan

RISK MANAGEMENT ï ¿ ½ PAGE * MERGEFORMAT ï ¿ ½4ï ¿ ½ Running Head: RISK MANAGEMENT Risk Management for Supplier Global Expansion Project [STUDENT NAME] [INSTITUTION] [COURSE NAME] [DATE] ï ¿ ½ Risk Management for Supplier Global Expansion Project Risk or threat is common and found in various fields of daily life and business. This concept of risk is found in various stages of development and execution of a project. Risks in a project can mean there is a chance that the project will result in total failure, increase of project costs, and an extension in project duration which means a great deal of setbacks for the company. The process of risk management is composed of identifying, assessing, mitigating, and managing the risks of the project. It†¦show more content†¦It is used as a means of input to the risk management plan processes (Heldman, 2005). It usually helps the project managers and the project team to recognize the components of a project that are at risk or certain risks that are unique to a specific area of the project than compared to a risk that is commonly found throughout the project. There also various qualitative analysis that can be used to in identifying and analyzing risk in a project. The method o f qualitative risk analysis involves the assignment of a numeric value to the scales. This risk analysis is normally used for projects that are larger and that risks have a greater and more significant impact (Heldman, 2005). There are various software tools and methods that can be used, an example would be the use of Monte Carlo analysis for calculating values for projects that are large and difficult. There are various values that are assigned to the magnitude or intensity of the risk, for example, High-.80, Medimum-.50, Low-.10; these are used to rate and prioritize the risks (Heldman, 2005). A risk registry is also an essential documentation that can be used analyze the quantitative aspect related to risk and threats that are found throughout the project. The Risk Breakdown Structure is created to identify the various risks categories in the project so that they can be in the prioritized response plan (Heldman,Show MoreRelatedWal-Mart Case Study1097 Words   |  5 Pagesand exp ose weaknesses. Some examples of environmental forces, which may present threats to Wal-Mart, are economic, political and legal forces. Being the world’s largest retailer means you’re the target of competition, locally and globally. As a global retailer, Wal-Mart is exposed to political problems in the different countries it operates in, and also faces strict labor and employment laws. Intense price competition is also a threat. Due to outsourcing to low-cost countries, manufacturing costsRead MoreCase Study on Barclays Bank1511 Words   |  7 Pagesbanking, investment banking, wealth management and asset management. Its commercial banking arm offers services to British and international customers, including current accounts, savings accounts, mortgages, insurance, credit cards and consumer loans. It has a majority stake in Absa, a major South African bank. It has recently acquired Russia’s Expobank and announced its intention to buy Indonesia’s Akita. Barclays’ investment banking and investment management business cluster consists of BarclaysRead MoreGlobal Supply Chain Network Challenges1259 Words   |  6 PagesSupply chains, which once worked just about on autopilot, face numerous perils today in both the worldwide and the domestic market. This paper covers the most common hazards in the worldwide supply chain network and strategies for hazard mitigation. Global supply chain The appearance of innovative advances has made the world where there are genuinely no limits with regards to universal exchanging. With the end goal organizations should keep up or expand their upper hand, there must be a persistent pushRead MoreBarclays1580 Words   |  7 Pagesbanking, investment banking, wealth management and asset management. Its commercial banking arm offers services to British and international customers, including current accounts, savings accounts, mortgages, insurance, credit cards and consumer loans. It has a majority stake in Absa, a major South African bank. It has recently acquired Russia’s Expobank and announced its intention to buy Indonesia’s Akita. Barclays’ investment banking and investment management business cluster consists of BarclaysRead MoreChange Management1210 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction XYZ, Inc. is a high-end retail chain that sells luxury watches, jewelry, and hand bags. The company plans to open its first international store in Shanghai, China, which will act as a stepping stone for its further planned expansion in Brazil, Russia, India China (BRIC Countries). This project would lead to a short-term change in the organization. XYZ, Inc.’s plan to expand its business in other BRIC Countries depends on the success of its first international store in ShanghaiRead MoreEssay on Wal Mart Case Study Analysis887 Words   |  4 PagesCentral Issue The main issue facing the management of Wal Ââ€"Mart was how to sustain their extraordinary growth. As the domestic market reaches saturation, a strategy for at home and for global expansion will be necessary. Recommendation Wal-Mart needs to identify and nurture the primary core competency that fueled their growth: fulfilling customer needs with a wide spectrum of products at everyday low prices. This competency is the product of the aggregate of competencies across individualRead MoreRelationship Between Interpersonal Responsibility And The Company s Image Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesRelationship between interpersonal responsibility and the company’s image 1. Human Resource Management. Bangchak considers employees as stakeholders critical to the business and to create value and drive value for an organization to be sustainable, the company focuses on the employee planning and de-velopment to support the expansion of the business based on the model promotes employee en-gagement overall through measurements by a participating Best Employer in 2014 to become the Best Employer inRead MoreSwot Analysis : Abc Company1760 Words   |  8 Pagesto increased competition and customer demand management has decided to implement some changes. The primary change to ABC Company that has been outlined by management is a supplier global expansion project. Management has its eyes set on China as a new supply base. As with any project, the benefits may be obvious but undertaking the project also comes with its fair share of risks. Objectives and Resources In an effort to remain a leader in the global market, ABC Company has made the decision toRead MoreWalmart Inc Case Study1096 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology system as implemented EDI, Information system, UPC at POS, Satellite system, Pick to light system, Vendor management inventory system which was not implemented by any other competitor. ââ€" ª Supply Chain (Strong). They had a long term relationship with the supplier as there was no non sense negotiator as they eliminated the manufacture representative from negotiation with the suppliers. ââ€" ª They were focused on Human resource and development as associates were considered a key to success for Wal-MartRead MoreJaguar Land Rover Expansion Analysis1231 Words   |  5 Pages The automobile manufactures belief that expansion of a company in increase in the global competitive market explains that the firm is likely to face competitive environment. Many companies are forced to develop their supply chain according to the decision by reducing their manufacturing expenditure and improvement of the products. JLRs decision to build a new plant in the North America to serve the customers is taken for customer satisfaction and values and to avoid all the barriers between the

The Political Ideology That Best Represents My Views

The political ideology that best represents my views is liberalism. Liberalism is an ideology that emphasizes, â€Å"cultural diversity, government programs for the needy, public intervention in the economy, and individuals’ rights to a lifestyle based on their own social and moral positions† (Morone Kersh, 2014, p. 37). In other words, liberalism promotes government assistance for individuals in need as well as protect every individual’s rights. One aspect of my life that has shaped my political views is my religious background. I grew up in a Baptist family, and used to go to church regularly. As I got older, I started going to church less and less because the things my pastor said made me feel very uncomfortable. At the time, I did not understand why I felt so uncomfortable and it was not until I got older that I realized why I felt the way I did. Majority of the time, my pastor said things that had sexist and homophobic undertones. Despite being in a holy place, I spent the duration of my time as a member of the church feeling disconnected from everything, which eventually led to me breaking ties with the church completely. My family’s financial background also helped in shaping my views. When I was younger, my family received financial assistance from the government in the form of CHIPs and food stamps. I was too young to remember how food stamps benefited my family, but I do remember the many ways in which CHIPs helped us out. For example, I grew up having terribleShow MoreRelatedDemocracy Requires Participation Essay1021 Words   |  5 Pagesyears. In many presidential elections, numerous Americans have found themselves compromising their views and voting not for the candidate with whom they resonate best, but rather for the candidate who they dislike the least. This compromise that is forced upon the electorate is a result of the two-party system on which we rely for voting simplicity. Additionally, many voters are discouraged that their views are not represented by their elected government officials, and consequently, that they have noRead MoreThe s Theory Of Pan Africanism1347 Words   |à ‚  6 PagesThe oppression of Africans has been a prevalent source of pain and suffering since the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. Political and economic systems have been designed to implement disenfranchisement for people of color on all societal platforms. Throughout the course of the black experience, many prominent individuals held arguments and intellectual conversations regarding the socioeconomic characteristics of African-Americans. The most controversial, prolific intellectual figure who harnessed aRead MoreConservative or Liberal: My Choice1065 Words   |  5 PagesConservative or Liberal: My Choice Angela J Flemister Liberty University Conservative or Liberal: My Choice A political ideology is a closely linked set of beliefs about politics. Political ideologies offer their adherents well organized theories that propose goals for the society and the means by which those goals can be achieved. (Americian Government pg.18) The two most common ideologies that come to my mind are the conservatism and liberalism, to in nonprofessional terms RepublicanRead MoreSocial Class And Political Views1578 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this research was to establish an existing correlation between social class and political views. This study is a combination of research showing that class does in fact carry influence on political views. In order for the field of sociology to stay flourishing, it is vital that we research new ideas and variables often and see how they relate to one another. It is sociologically relevant because it has not been extensively researched on its own, this is one of the firstRead MoreThe Theory Of Liberal Ideology1143 Words   |  5 Pages Political Science Midterm I will be speaking on important political terms, explain the development of liberal ideology in the United States of America, and touch on a few other areas of political culture. First off liberalism; liberalism is a way of political worldview by the ideas of liberty and equality. Although in a certain time in our history equality was somewhat of a lie. Slavery, racism, and feminism prove that not every single person on the planet had equal rights. In the 1650’s to 1780’sRead MoreThe Party For Freedom And The Socialist Party1445 Words   |  6 Pages By definition, Nationalism is an ideology in which a group’s recognition and espouse of their identity, as a nation, is expressed based on a common origin, in addition to the desire to spread their global influence. Through analysis of the Netherlands Party for Freedom (PVV) and the Netherlands’ Socialist Party (Socialistische Partij) alongside the World Values Survey, I will assess the values of each party and compare their supporters through various variables in order to further examine NationalismRead MorePolitical Ideology Is More Or More An Outline Of A Voters Political Morals And Beliefs922 Words   |  4 PagesPolitical ideology is more or less an outline of a voters political morals and beliefs. Most Americans associate them self’s with a political ideology, Politicians associate with ideologies as well to better communicate with the voters and to get their vote. The two prime ideologies in America are conservatives and liberals. Conservatives want limited government when it comes to making fiscal and moral decisions, and big government when it comes to enforcing Christian values such as denying equalRead MoreAnalysis Of Jason Brennan s Second Chapter Of Against Democracy Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesBrennan’s second chapter of Against Democracy (2016) multiple topics are discussed pertaining to the political action of voting. Throughout this chapter Brennan e xplores the ideologies of rational ignorance and rational irrationality about politics, as well as the psychological benefits of holding firm to an irrational belief, and the cognitive biases or errors displayed in society. Brennan’s views create controversy and often times don’t seem to directly favor one another. Although I admired theRead MoreGlobalization Is An Increasingly Present Phenomenon, Which1007 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization is an increasingly present phenomenon, which influences almost everyone’s life to a certain extent. Our world is more connected than ever, and not just from an economic point of view, but from social, political, technological, and cultural as well. Globalization can be defined, analysed, tackled many ways, but this essay seeks to briefly define globalization, introduce the convergence - diversity debate, and examine the different types of organizational strategic perspectives in ChinaRead MoreWhy Canada Should Take A Substa ntive Approach For Women s Representation Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagestheir voices to be heard. Each woman holds a different view, just like men do. Each gender and person will bring their own view forth and allow for a diverse House. The issue is that women are not getting adequate representation, and therefore are not being able to represent their views. Men have a much larger congregation than women, therefore overpowering the views/ideologies of them. In Canada, everyone strives for equality, and the best place to start is to take a substantive approach to women’s

Global Warming, Human or Nature’s Fault Free Essays

Along a busy street, a bearded man looking like a prophet is ringing a medium-sized bronze bell in his right hand and holding a sign in his left hand which reads, â€Å"The end is near.† Is humanity to blame or is it just an environmental phenomenon that is induced by nature? This is the overlying debate that has been revolving around the minds of the people of the world. On one hand, there are those who argue that the threat of global warming is human-induced. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming, Human or Nature’s Fault? or any similar topic only for you Order Now While on the other hand, there are also those assert that nature is truly the responsible for this. The issue on global warming has always been put as an agenda in the international community for several years now. However, it has only been in the year 2007 that global warming has been given the attention it warrants or deserves. The recent facts and studies made and collected by numerous countries, agencies and organizations across the world have come to an agreement that the world is facing a substantial threat that may cause catastrophic consequences or results that may alter the history of mankind itself. Therefore, in order to battle this threat, the world is trying to understand the primary cause that is making this phenomenon. In doing so, society is looking at either the human explanation or the natural one. Those who are proposing that global warming has been a human-induced product rely on several factors. First of all, they say that the greenhouse gases have been contributing a significant amount of damage that is drastically changing the world’s climate. The major greenhouse gas contributing end-user sectors are the industrial, transportation, residential, commercial and agricultural (U.S. Greenhouse Gas Reports). Moreover, the pollution brought by cars and other heavy machineries such as equipments used in factories are making the atmosphere worse every minute. The fact is that in the United States, more than 90% of greenhouse gas emissions come from the combustion of fossil fuels (U.S. EPA). There are also the problem of dumping garbage and other waste materials. Another factor for human’s induced climate change is deforestation due to the prevailing focus on progress and development. The main cause of deforestation in some countries is the growing population and subsequent higher demand for agriculture, livestock production and fuel wood (Sucoff, 2002, pp. 358 – 359). Finally, the government and private corporations are cutting costs when it comes to being environmentally friendly. The problem or the excuse most are saying is that economic profits or gains will be cut and funds will be needed for the environmentally friendly technologies (Rudiman, 2005, p.153). Others who are proposing that global warming is nature-induced are forwarding the data and research they made scientifically. The basis for their proposal states that global warming is just an environmental phenomenon made by nature itself. They are proposing that this incident have happened already in the past as part of a normal cycle the world goes through (Trenberth, 1997). Moreover, there is even geological evidence which states that the earth’s climate changes quite a lot; sometimes colder than today and sometimes warmer.   Some have suggested changes in the sun’s output of radiation, or changes in the amount of dust in the atmosphere from volcanoes or meteor impacts as natural causes. The earth’s climate changes in response to external forcing, including variations in its orbit around the sun and also volcanic eruptions (Robock Oppenheimer, 2003, p. 360). In addition, the atmosphere to trap reflected sunlight and thus cause the atmosphere to heat up. The two sides are trying to understand the cause of this phenomenon to further gain valuable knowledge and information in dealing with it. But in essence, it is undeniable that global warming poses a substantial threat to society. Works Cited Robock, Alan, and Clive Oppenheimer. Volcanism and the Earth’s Atmosphere,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Geophysical   Ã‚   Monograph 139, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 360, 2003. Ruddiman, William. â€Å"How Did Humans First Alter Global Climate?† (PDF). March 2005 issue. Scientific American. 153, 2005. Sucoff, E. Deforestation. In Environmental Encyclopedia. (P.g.358-359). Detroit: Gale, 2003. Trenberth, Dr. Kevin. Global Warming: It’s Happening. Natural Science, December 4,   Ã‚   1997. US EPA. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-1998,   Ã‚   Rep.   Ã‚   EPA   Ã‚   236-R-00-01. US EPA, Washington, DC, 2000. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory – U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports | Climate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Change – Greenhouse Gas Emissions | U.S. EPA How to cite Global Warming, Human or Nature’s Fault?, Papers

Analysis of Entrepreneurship Zambrero

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Entrepreneurship Zambrero. Answer: Introduction: The term entrepreneurship refers to a process of establishing and running a small and new business organization (Lewis 2015). The term entrepreneurship has been coined in the year of 1920. The people who run such individual autonomous organizations are called entrepreneurs. The word entrepreneur is originated from French in 1723 (Lisetchi and Brancu 2014). The concept of entrepreneurship has changed the scenario of the business world in last few decades due to globalization. Entrepreneurs are often considered as the risk takers. They are the only responsible person for the success and failure of their business organization. They need to be prepared for all the future risks. Many economists claim that entrepreneurs are the people who possess the capability to bear the risk of any new initiative for future benefits. The following article has analysed the concept of entrepreneurship. It has enlightened every aspect of entrepreneur traits. It has discussed about all the obstacles and challenges that are often faced by entrepreneurs. Analysis of Entrepreneur Traits: According to some economists, entrepreneurship is an important element of every society to influence the economic growth and establish a strong financial infrastructure for the country. Small businesses are considered as the primary source of job creation. It increases the net income of the society helps to reduce the poverty margin (Howaldt, Domanski and Schwarz 2015). It has been witnessed in last few decades that governments are also willingly providing their supports to the entrepreneurs. It has fostered the development of the society. As opined by Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2003 that it is important to enforce the policies to influence the growth of entrepreneurship for job creation and to change the economic scenario of the society. Government must encompass some policies to motivate the entrepreneurs to take the risk of new ventures. Thomas. A. Garrett has stated that government government policies c an be classified as active and passive. Active policies refers to the tax break, help any particular form of business and passive policies refers to create friendly atmosphere for the entrepreneurs to help their business to flourish. The world has witnessed some outstanding entrepreneurs in last few years who has has left no stone unturned to bring revolution in the business world and set milestone for the future entrepreneurs, they are- Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Lary Page and many more. Their efficiency, intelligence and risk taking capacity have paved the path of their success. Many people have been attracted towards entrepreneurship due to some specific advantages, such as- entrepreneurs are the first and only person to take any decision about their business, they are the person in charge of everything, they decide whom they want to business with (Phillips et al. 2015). There is a conflict between some economists about the concept of entrepreneur. There is no specific definition to describe the quality of a successful entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs can come in various ages and various age groups. As seen in the case study, Dr. Sam Prince is an Australian doctor who runs Mexican restaurant chain. He was only 21 years old when he started his first restaurant Zambrero Fresh Mex Grill (Zambrero.com, 2017). Being a student of medical school, he had a full time job of doctor. However, this pressure could not stop him to chase his dream to become an entrepreneur. According to some researchers, all the successful entrepreneurs of the world share some common traits. They are as follows: Creativity: Creativity is the basic quality of any entrepreneur. It influences the development of new ideas for business. It is considered as the driving force of revolution. It makes people think out of the box. Dedication: Dedication is the most required quality for any profession in this world, especially for the entrepreneurs. This leads them to work hard to achieve their target. Every entrepreneurs need to work hard at initial stage. His dedication will motivate him to beat all the obstacles to pursue his dream. Determination: Entrepreneurs are expected to be determined towards their dreams. It will help them to easily overcome all the rough patches of life and learn something positive from all the experiences. Determination can only bring success to the entrepreneurs. Success is the main motivation for every entrepreneur not money. Money is the award (Baruah and Ward 2015). It is evident in the given case study. Determination towards the goal makes Dr. Sam Prince to run 17 restaurants. In spite of being a successful doctor and associated with several social work, he pursued his dream to become an independent and successful owner of Mexican restaurants. Determination makes it happen. Flexibility: Entrepreneurs always need to be open and flexible to implement new technologies and strategies in their business. Buyers are the key elements of every organization and the main motive of every businessperson is to satisfy their consumers. Entrepreneurs must be concerned about the changing needs of their customers and they need to apply new tactics and strategies according to the market demands (Daskalaki, Hjorth and Mair 2015). They must be flexible enough to bear the risk of any kind of loss. As seen in the given case study, Dr. Sam Prince was flexible to embrace new changes. Passion: Passion is one of the key features of every successful entrepreneur. It increases the capacity to convince other about their dreams. It helps the entrepreneurs to stay focused on their goal and achieve success. Zambrero Mex Fresh Grill is one exemplary example of passion. Dr. Sam Prince was so passionate towards his dream that no obstacles could stop him to turn his dream into reality. Rules and Objectives: Being an independent businessperson, every entrepreneur has to set his own rules and objectives. He must be very careful while constructing rules for his own organization and follow the rules appropriately to achieve the goal. Self Confidence: Self-confidence comes from the ability to take risk and planning. It helps people to take challenges and overcome difficulties. It helps to take smart and efficient decisions. It is evident in the case study of Dr. Sam Prince. Dr. Prince has planned to open 30 more branches of his restaurant. He is aware of the fact that it is risky, but he is completely confident about his risk taking competence. Smart: Smartness is the combination of intelligence, common sense, efficiency, effectiveness. Entrepreneurs must consist of these qualities. It will help them to take a smart move for the betterment of their organization (Stuetzer et al. 2013). As per the case study, it can be stated that smart and intelligent decision making plays very crucial role in the success of every organization. This quality of Dr. Sam Prince helped him to run a successful restaurant chain. It is not necessary that every entrepreneur have to posses all these qualities, he can appoint someone who has the capacity to deal with the difficult situation. Challenges in Social Entrepreneurship: The concept of social entrepreneurship has become immensely popular in the modern society. There are various definitions about social entrepreneurship that describe the idea of social entrepreneurship. The common term used in every description of social entrepreneurship is the problem solving nature. There is a conflict about the concept of social entrepreneurship and corporate social responsibility. A huge difference lies between corporate social responsibility and social entrepreneurship. Corporate social responsibility signifies the effort of any corporate organization for making profit through some ethical activities. On the other hand, the main motive of social entrepreneurship is to reach to the needy people (Hicks 2013). Social entrepreneurs often have trouble in the path of achieving their goals. They are as follows: Funding: Social enterprises are mostly run as non- profit organization. Some of them generates sufficient amount of money by selling their products or services but most of them faces the issue of funding. The main capital for the enterprises comes from the investment of the government or donation (Espritu-Olmos and Sastre-Castillo 2015). It is not easy to approach the financiers. Most of the time government does not provide any support to the entrepreneurs. Such behavior from the investors leads the organization to face the financial crisis. Communicating the Objective: The objective of social entrepreneurs is hard to measure. It is the social values that influence the entrepreneurs to take the risk of new ventures (Gough, Langevang and Namatovu 2014). As the these values are hard to explain, entrepreneurs often face difficulties in communicating their objective for such initiatives to the investors. They fail to obtain the faith of the stakeholders due to the lack of the capacity of effective interaction. Loyalty towards the Mission: Entrepreneurs must be loyal and determined towards their mission. It is frequently evident that people shift their focus from the actual goal to other things. Such behavior tends to lead the organization and the entrepreneur to face some undesirable consequences (Mortan et al. 2014). They need to be focused on their goal and review their strategy frequently to avoid the risk of awful occurrences. Strategy and Long-term Focus: Every enterprise requires well-planned strategies and long-term focus to be established. However, it is seen in many cases many enterprises meet deadly conclusion due to lack of strategy. Conclusion: As per the previous discussion, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship is highly responsible for growth of economic condition of the country. The idea of entrepreneurship has drawn the attention of many people, especially the youth in this era of globalization. Although it has some disadvantages, young and talented people often are influenced by enormous advantages of entrepreneurship. Every aspiring entrepreneur must possess some specific qualities such as- smart, intelligence, flexibility and so on. These qualities will help the entrepreneurs to achieve the desired target. References: Baruah, B. and Ward, A., 2015. Metamorphosis of intrapreneurship as an effective organizational strategy.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,11(4), pp.811-822. Daskalaki, M., Hjorth, D. and Mair, J., 2015. Are entrepreneurship, communities, and social transformation related?.Journal of Management Inquiry,24(4), pp.419-423. Espritu-Olmos, R. and Sastre-Castillo, M.A., 2015. Personality traits versus work values: Comparing psychological theories on entrepreneurial intention.Journal of Business Research,68(7), pp.1595-1598. Gough, K.V., Langevang, T. and Namatovu, R., 2014. Researching entrepreneurship in low-income settlements: the strengths and challenges of participatory methods.Environment and Urbanization,26(1), pp.297-311. Hicks, S., 2013. Entrepreneurship and ethics. InHandbook of the philosophical foundations of business ethics(pp. 1239-1246). Springer Netherlands. Howaldt, J., Domanski, D. and Schwarz, M., 2015. Rethinking social entrepreneurship: The concept of social entrepreneurship under the perspective of socio-scientific innovation research.Journal of creativity and business innovation,1(1). Lewis, K.V., 2015. Enacting entrepreneurship and leadership: A longitudinal exploration of gendered identity work.Journal of Small Business Management,53(3), pp.662-682. Lisetchi, M. and Brancu, L., 2014. The entrepreneurship concept as a subject of social innovation.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,124, pp.87-92. Mortan, R.A., Ripoll, P., Carvalho, C. and Bernal, M.C., 2014. Effects of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy.Revista de Psicologa del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones,30(3), pp.97-104. Phillips, W., Lee, H., Ghobadian, A., ORegan, N. and James, P., 2015. Social innovation and social entrepreneurship: A systematic review.Group Organization Management,40(3), pp.428-461. Stuetzer, M., Obschonka, M., Davidsson, P. and Schmitt-Rodermund, E., 2013. Where do entrepreneurial skills come from?.Applied Economics Letters,20(12), pp.1183-1186. Zambrero.com. (2017). Zambrero. [online] Available at: https://www.zambrero.com [Accessed 31 Mar. 2017].

Ann Dunwoody - Address at Promotion to 4-Star General Ceremony free essay sample

The triumph of christianity over paganism in the middle ages.

The triumph of christianity over paganism in the middle ages. I could tell you all about the Greeks and Romans, and the wars, but anytime religion comes up, I get confused. I am not an atheist by any means, but I am not a religious fanatic. Unlike the Pagans, and even our everyday Christians, I do not rest my fate in the hands of any god or gods, or even goddesses. I believe that I control my own fate, and I do not go out of my way to please any spiritual being to insure my health and well being. I also do not understand the whole concept of fighting between the pagans and the Christians, therefore I do not believe that the triumph of Christianity was much of a historical necessity. Perhaps it was just the naive attitudes of the polytheistic Pagans, or maybe the monotheistic Christians.One of the most prominent things to stand out about Pagan religion is the belief in more than one god.Greek Easter Dinner PlateThat is the basis of being pagan. Early Greeks dating back to about 1325b.c. in Athens. The people of Athens believed in many gods, who each one in their own represented an evolutional part of life. The goal of the Greeks was to please the gods living on Mount Olympus in any way that they could. Some even went as far as sacrificing their own children. Many of the cities in Greek had their own gods, proving the polytheistic Paganism to be throughout the civilization. For example, there was the god of the sea, Poseidon. The Greeks believed that it was he who controlled the sea, and brought smooth sailing to those who deserved, and death to those who deceived them . Although Pagans worshiped more than one god, they were not known to shut out the Christians, because even thought the...

Why transfer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why transfer - Essay Example We helped raise funds in order to build the bridge, because many children die when crossing the river during flood seasons. I discovered that, though the bridge project was going well, the basic living conditions in the village had not improved.  However, when I visited another village in a different province in China, I was completely shocked to find that the people led progressive lives, while keeping their tradition and culture intact. Instead of remaining in a progressive rut, they parlayed what they knew of their traditional culture into a briskly functioning art and handicraft industry. They actually had a working business model that I did not expect to see in such a backward village. I realized that my dream to help the other village by spoon feeding them was wrong. When I explained to my father that we could actually do much more for the village than what we were already doing, he told me that I had the right idea. But without a solid foundation in Business and Economics, I would not be able to put my theories and plans into reality. Then I realized what my true calling was, and began to follow this new career path. Upon my return to UW, I enrolled in Economics courses and utilizd my free time in a manner that would allow me to mingle and discuss economic theories with my classmates and professors. My diligence and desire have a highly positive relation to the grades that I got in those Economics centered classes. I was averaging a 4.0 in my Macroeconomics, Statistics, and Business Law classes. I enjoyed dipping my feet in the School of Business and Economics pool, and my interest was further fueled by my participation in an information technology project at the Foster School of Business at UW. My impressive performance has convinced me that I am truly ready to become a Business and Economics

Assessing Iran's Nuclear Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assessing Iran's Nuclear Program - Essay Example Much of the information contained in these sources commonly comes from reliable sources as publishers remain careful to avoid prosecution, for publication of misleading information to the public. The utilisation of OSINT can be utilised in gaining essential information regarding Iran’s nuclear programme. Since the country considers the capacity to produce nuclear power its right, the country is bound to release a lot of information to various sources, which can be utilised to gather intelligence reports. Numerous international news channels and media have published reports regarding the nuclear programme progress in Iran. With increased availability of media reports regarding the nuclear programme, OSINT can easily become effective source of reliable information (BBC 2006). The existing tensions between western governments and Iran cannot support the utilisation of intelligence operatives undertaking an operation within the country. Intelligence gathering can only be undertaken through the application of OSINT. Open sources have been essential in providing the entire world with information of the nuclear programme being implemented by Iran. The plan to construct a nuclear power plant by the country appears to be at advanced stages, though the construction has continued secretly (The Associated Press 2008). This secret construction continues to cause concerns over whether the intended plant will be utilised for only power production. The increased links between the country and terrorism groups, combined with the hard-line Islamic leadership, create concerns for international security. While OSINT has been effectively utilised in gaining essential information on the nuclear programme, such intelligence cannot present information regarding the objetcives of the project. The concerns about construction of nuclear weapons remain a suspicion

Treating Chemotherapy-induced Fatigue with Exercise Essay

Treating Chemotherapy-induced Fatigue with Exercise - Essay Example The literature regarding the use of exercise as a therapy for CRF has established a strong foundation for its beneficial use and develops a case for exercise as a promising alternative, to other available techniques in counteracting fatigue problems. The main reason for choosing this topic, lies in the patient-centric themes being addressed, something that deserves top priority in Nursing Research. Patients with cancer say that fatigue is a major obstacle to functioning normally and having a good Quality of Life (Portenoy & Itri, 1999). Clearly, this is a subject area that strikes them at their core, and adequate research is needed, to better understand patient needs for this sensitive issue. To elaborate further on the significance of the topic for Nursing profession, it may be recalled that fatigue, in general, is a highly pervasive symptom for patients with cancer problems at advanced stages A clear understanding of the etiology of fatigue is needed to intervene appropriately, so a comprehensive assessment of fatigue must be multidimensional, evaluating both the physical and psychological aspects of the study area. From a historical standpoint, caregivers have faced severe trials, anxiously handling difficult cases, where patients have braved excruciating pain, lasting weeks, months, sometimes years. Also, of importance is the pain caused due to actual surgery, the effects of anesthesia, sedatives or analgesics, that compound the problem of fatigue. In few of the literature critiques examined for this review, test results are used to corroborate the main research aim: to explore positive correlation between exercise techniques, and reduction in fatigue problems. To gauge the importance of the topic, at an interactive level, I shall draw upon my own experience in dealing with patients during clinical rotations, after they were administered chemotherapy. I saw first-hand, how even mild doses of radiation, had an adverse impact on the patient's energy levels, and graduated to a perpetual cycle of inactivity, which simply prolongs treatment, in spite of world-class medical care at disposal. It makes common-sense to appreciate the fact, that a simplistic routine of exercise, can change the dynamics of the depressing scale, to which fatigue can frustrate caregiving efforts. The adage "just take it easy and rest" is applicable to a common case of mild flu, but when it comes to intangible trials in the realm of life-threatening cases su ch as Cancer, a patient's life may be jeopardized by an oversimplification of the after-treatment needs. I can vouchsafe the suitability of routine exercise, as a practical and reliable means of effecting better care to patients battling CRF. Based on personal observation, and that of other member in my Nursing team, it has been documented that doing some activity, can actually reduce fatigue. The data for our research was based on operations in a controlled environment. This is where the research dwindles to limitations, as it is not

Contemporary approaches to marketing

Contemporary approaches to marketing Introduction Addressing the above topic, this essay aims to bring out the main points regarding the applicability of the marketing mix in the contemporary marketing world. To start with the evolution of marketing and marketing management concept is spoken about, moving on to explaining the marketing mix theory, its drawbacks and the evolution of services marketing leading to a new marketing approach i.e. relationship marketing. Then an evaluation between the two approaches has been undertaken to conclude by emphasizing the importance of the prevailing approach as well as the new approach. The very initial study of marketing emphasized on the allocation and trading of commodities and manufactured goods and found its basics in economics (Marshall 1927 as cited in Vargo, Lusch 2004). Attention was focussed on commodities exchange, the establishment which made goods available and arranged for handing over control of the goods, and the basic functions that were required to help in the exchange transactions (Vargo and Lusch 2004). The study of managerial marketing developed in the early 1950s. During this time managerial theorists defined marketing management as a process of decision making or problem-solving. This approach emerged out of the traditional sales approach and became a broadly accepted function of business stressing on the basics like product planning and developing, pricing, promoting and distributing (Webster, Jr. 1992). These fundamental functions, to supply goods to final consumers and satisfy their needs formed the marketing mix. Evolution and concept of marketing mix The concept of marketing mix was set up in 1960 by McCarthy and the mix of factors was labelled as the four Ps. As defined by Kotler in his book Marketing Management, Marketing mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market. McCarthy classified these tools into four broad groups: Product, price, place, promotion (Kotler 2000 p.15). The four Ps symbolise the outlook of the sellers. Robert Lauterborn (1990) recommended four Cs, customer solution, customer cost, convenience, communication, from the customers view to which each P would convey a specific benefit. The theoretical value of the Mix is also underlined by the widely held view that the framework constitutes one of the pillars of the influential Managerial School of Marketing (Kotler 1967; Sheth et al. 1988 as cited in Constantinides 2006). The importance of this tool can be understood by the above statement. The concept of the marketing mix being easy to understand, practice and teach, positioned itself to become the unchallenged universal marketing model and much of further marketing studies evolved with this concept as their basis, making a tremendous impact on the practical world. Drawbacks of the Four Ps Theory On the flip side, the marketing mix approach is based on typical situations which do not fit well in other markets. It was basically formulated for the North American milieu, with packaged goods, aggressive distribution, strong media presence and huge markets, consumers just becoming numbers for marketers, and not presenting an actual situation (Gronroos 1994). Van Waterschoot and Bulte (1992 p.85) also brought out three defects in the Four P model; The properties or characteristics that are the basis for classification have not been identified. The categories are not mutually exclusive. There is a catch-all subcategory that is continually growing. Another disadvantage is that the marketing mix is production oriented, i.e., it focuses on the product and not on the consumer who is the actual end user (Gronroos 1994). For example if Nokia makes a mobile which is very heavy, slow, and does not have the latest features that consumers require, all marketing strategies based on the four Ps , product, price, place, promotion would fail to sell the product, since it is not what the customers want. Here comes in the need for newer marketing approaches, focussing on the needs and wants of customers. A major disadvantage of this approach is that there is no interrelation between the 4 variables of the mix. Every variable or P has a separate working department and plan with no coordination (Yudelson 1999). Not just that, this approach alienates the rest of the organisation from the marketing aspect, and thus distances them from the voice of the customer (Gronroos 1994). Goods to Service dominant logic Over these years there has been a shift from a goods dominated economy to a services, skills, knowledge and processes economy (Vargo and Lusch). As a consequence, the ways in which businesses are carried on and maintained have changed drastically and gradually alongside, various other marketing theories have evolved. From the functional view of marketing mix management our focus has extended to the strategic role of marketing, aspects of service marketing, political dimensions of channel management, interactions in industrial networks; to mention just a few evolving trends (Moller 1992 as cited in Gronroos 1994 p. 7; Constantinides). Service Marketing These changes have also led to a growth in competition. To deal with this, it is essential to recognize the importance of services which can be offered with the core product to add extra value to it and result in competitive advantage (Gronroos 2007). Service marketing grew out of this need. As defined by Gronroos in his book, service marketing is to make customers use the service processes and implement these processes in a way that makes customers perceive that value is created in their processes (p.55). Firms with a service orientation have to centre their attention to the relation with their consumers and other stakeholders. For example, United Airlines throws parties for their privileged customers, where they are informed about the airlines forthcoming services (Holbrook and Hulbert 2002). With growth in service, three supplementary Ps, people, physical evidence and process have also been put forward (Booms and Bitner 1982 as cited in Gronroos 2002) to address customer needs bet ter. Relationship Marketing Therefore, relationship marketing has grown to become a requirement for achieving success in a service market, and a concentration on customer relationship and customer retention has become a crucial need (Gronroos 2007). Marketing is to establish, maintain, and enhance relationships with customers and other partners, at a profit, so that the objectives of the parties involved are met. This is achieved by a mutual exchange and fulfilment of promises. This is the definition of relationship marketing (Gronroos 1994 p.9). Though relationship marketing is in its early years as a conventional marketing paradigm, its significance can be identified to great degree. On the basis of marketing dimensions, relationship marketing encompasses Database marketing, Interaction marketing and Network marketing. Coviello in his journal says, that relationship marketing does not conform only to industrial and service marketing, it relates to all firms including packaged good firms, since it is imperativ e to maintain customer relations in other firms as well (Coviello et al. 1997). The consequence of relationship marketing is that by creating a long-term relationship, two individuals or companies with time discover, understand and conform to the others need better and this eventually benefits both. Marketing Mix vs Relationship Marketing To understand the changing business environment as well as the probable marketing strategies, Gronroos created a continuum, where transaction marketing is positioned on one end and relational marketing on the other end. The main point of difference between the two approaches is that where relationship marketing spotlights on maintaining relations with customers, over a long time period, transaction marketing deals with a single exchange covering a shorter time frame (Gronroos 1994). Therefore it can be said that not in all situations but, generally packaged good businesses will gain from a transaction approach since it is a one-time effort and revolves around a single transaction. On the other hand service based businesses will gain maximum from a relationship approach, since their business revolves around providing services which are continually needed. Examples of relationship marketing based companies are Dell and Apple, who manufacture customised computers and laptops. Changed meaning of the Marketing Mix variables As spoken about above, there has been a dominant shift from goods to a service economy. Earlier the main aim of an organisation was to sell a product to satisfy the needs of the consumers and to make profit. But now, it is not about the product that is provided, rather it is about the total value or utility that it provides to the consumer (Vargo and Lusch). As it is correctly said, the true essence of the customer-centricity paradigm lies not in how to sell products but rather on creating value for the customer and, in the process, creating value for the firm (Boulding et al. 2005 as cited in Shah et al. 2006 p.115). For example, a mobile phone with the latest features would not be of much use to a person who does not know how to use those feature and would provide the same utility as that of an older version. Thus, augmenting the product is not enough, further service such as tutorials in order to help understand the features are required. When the traditional theory was formed, the marketing mix focussed on just the core product and thus price-sensitivity was a major issue. Now with services marketing evolving the value of the product/service is perceived based on the overall value created. Thus for consumers now price is not as sensitive an issue as it used to be (Gronroos 1994). In earlier times place was an important deciding factor for the sale of a product, since transport and communication were difficult. But in the present, with development of such networks, we are globally connected, through mediums such as internet, mobile phones, etc. Even business transactions are now carried on the internet, thus the place factor which forms a part of the marketing mix has now become less relevant. For, example to shop for a Gucci bag earlier we had to go to the store, and it location mattered but now we can purchase and pay for it on the internet, regardless of where the store is situated. Thus, Process is a better label for this essential component of the marketing mix (Yudelson 1999). A relationship marketing approach helps firms to setup a real-time database system which would provide updated information about its clients and their levels of contentment for the products or services provided (Gronroos 1994). To get such extensive information in the marketing mix approach is not possible since the marketers of such organisations dont directly connect with the customers; instead they rely on heavy promotion to sell the products. But in the present times promotion comes second to serving the needs and wants of the customers. Conclusion Practically 40 years later, since the time the Marketing Mix concept emerged in 1960, marketing scholars are pondering over the sufficiency of this marketing approach. There have been rapid changes in business operations due to change in technology and globalisation and it can be said that transactional marketing alone cannot keep up with this transformation. Nevertheless it is evident that no adequate replacement has been known for the marketing mix approach. With the developments in marketing, McCarthys Four P theory must be reviewed to help build on the previous theory and leap to the future. Flexibility, not insurrection or revolt is the best way to come to terms with the changes. The benefit of making changes in the existing thought rather than creating a completely new notion is the fact that the Marketing mix paradigm concentrates on the basics of marketing. Thus any new evolving marketing theory must take into account these basics. Relationship Marketing although is a new eme rging paradigm but it cannot function without the basics of the 4 Ps or the marketing mix, since only maintaining relations is enough for a business to flourish. Once the product and its pricing, placing and promotion strategies are developed, maintaining relations to retain the customer is the spot on approach. Therefore, keeping marketing mix approach as the base, relationship marketing or any other contemporary approach must be applied for achieving the best results. References Constantinides, E. (2006), The Marketing Mix Revisited: Towards the 21st Century Marketing, Journal of Marketing, Vol.22, pp. 407-438. Coviello, E. N., Brodie, J. R., Munro, J. H. (1997), Understanding Contemporary Marketing: Development of a Classification Scheme, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.13, pp. 501-522. Gronroos, C. (1994), From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing, Management Decision, MCB University Press Limited, Vol.32 (2), pp. 4-20. Gronroos, C., Service Management and Marketing, Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. pp.1-22, 51-70. Gronroos, C. (2002), Marketing? Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, The Marketing Review, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, Vol. 3, pp.129-146. Holbrook, B. M., Hulbert, M. J. (2002), Elegy on the Death of Marketing, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 36 (5/6), pp.706-744. Kotler, P., Marketing Management, Millenium Edition, Prentice Hall International, Inc. pp.1-32. Lauterborn, R. (1990), New Marketing Litany: 4 Ps Passe; C Words Take Over, Advertising Age, Crain Communications, Inc. pp.26. Shah, D., Rust, T. R., Parasuraman, A., Staelin, R., and Day, S. G., (2006), Path to Customer Centricity, Journal of Service Research, Vol. 9, pp 113-124. Van Waterschoot, W., Van den Bulte, C. (1992), The 4P Classification of the Marketing Mix Revisited, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 56, pp.83-93. Vargo, L. S., Lusch, F. R. (2004), Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 68, pp.1-17. Webster, F. E., Jr. (1992), The Changing Role of Marketing in the Corporation, Journal of Marketing, American Marketing Association, Vol. 56 (4), pp.1-17. Yudelson, J. (1999), Adapting Mccarthys Four Ps for the Twenty-First Century, Journal of Marketing Education, Sage Publishers, Vol.21 (60), pp. 60-67.

Middle Age Entertainers :: Art

Middle Age Entertainers Both entertainment and education have been integrals parts of the human experience since the beginnings of time. Many scholars insist that the two institutions often serve jointly, with entertainers and entertainment serving as a main source of education. There is little argument, then, that in addition to generally appealing to the masses, entertainers have regularly fulfilled the role of a teacher to typically unsuspecting audiences. Entertainers have served as educators throughout history, from the origins of oral narratives through the Middle Ages. The earliest forms of unwritten communication were essentially used to spread knowledge from one source to another. Religious disciplines were the first information passed from person to person through entertainment. In the third century B.C., Buddhist monks tried to win converts outside India through the use of theater and song (Burdick 97). They taught the precepts of Siddhartha and Buddha in such theatrical epics as Ramayana and Mahabharata, setting exacting rules for theater performance in the process (Burdick 99). Similarly, Irish monks established singing schools, which taught uniform use of music throughout the church (Young 31). Through chants which were all the same, they spread identical teachings. Christian psalms and hymns in Apostolic times were sung to spread the knowledge and faith of Christianity. In fact, Christianity was promoted from the start by music. Churches were for long the only centers of learning, with monks teaching all lessons through music (Young 39). Through the use of sacred music, monks and clergy successfully spread the teachings of their religions in a practical manner. Entertainers used the theater as a place to tell the stories of the day, both fictional and topical. The African oral tradition was rich in folk tales, myths, riddles, and proverbs, serving a religious, social, and economic function (Lindfors 1). Likewise, Asian actors covered their faces with masks in order to act out a scandal of the day without the audience knowing who was passing along the gossip (Archer 76). European puppets were another medium which permitted entertainers to spread current gossip without revealing the identity of the storyteller (Speaight 16). The theatrical productions of the Greeks further explored the use of theater as an instructional tool. Because the theater provided such a diverse forum for expression, stage actors and playwrights consistantly utilized this locale to eduate the general public. Oral communication was widely used to educate society about morals and basic truths.

Feasibility of Chili and Kamias Mosquito Repellant

Chapter 1: Introduction Mosquitos are common flying insects that are found around the world. There are about 2,700 species of mosquitoes. Female mosquitoes are usually larger than males. Females drink blood and the nectar of plants while the males only sip nectar of plants. When female mosquitoes bite, they inject an anticoagulant (anti-clotting chemical) into the prey to keep the victim's blood flowing. Not all mosquito species bite humans. That is why females, who drink blood, can carry diseases from one animal to another as they feed.Mosquitoes are often carriers of diseases such as alaria, encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue fever, dog heartworm, West Nile virus, and many others. Mosquito larvae are important food for fish and other predatory aquatic animals. Adult mosquitoes are also important food for birds, bats and other arthropods, including dragonflies and spiders. Kamias is the Filipino name for a tree scientifically known as Averrhoa bilimbi. In English, it is known as the cucumber or sorrel tree. This tropical tree is found naturally in Malaysia and Indonesia, and its fruit is used both for cooking and traditional medicine.Though kamias is a highly acidic fruit, it can be consumed after certain preparations are taken, and it does provide trace amounts of vitamins and minerals. Kamias fruit contains a small amount of vitamins and minerals. Due to the acidic nature of kamias fruit, it is quite sour and not often eaten raw. In Costa Rica, the fruit is used as a relish, and people in other countries use it in recipes that require a sour taste such as chutneys or pickled foods. Kamias can be substituted for vinegar, used in Juices like lemonade, or even combined with large amounts of sugar o make Jams.Medicinally, kamias can be made into a paste and applied topically to itchy or swollen skin or skin affected by bug bites. In traditional Malay medicine, they create an infusion of the fruit and leaves to remedy a cough, as well as administer a tonic to wom en after they give birth. This infusion is also used on pimples, hypertension, dizziness and diabetes. Those in Indonesia use the kamias fruit as a treatment for fevers, inflammation, rectal bleeding, boils and other conditions. The flowers of the kamias are also used as a remedy for toothaches.Do not consume amias without first checking with a health care provider, and do not attempt to treat any medical condition or problem by consuming, drinking or topically applying the fruit. Chills are often used as condiments, ingredients, or a main meal. Even though they may sting a little, a lot of people keep begging for more. There is something about chili that leads people to addiction. Chili peppers contain a substance called â€Å"capsaicin† which is the active component in it and is also responsible tor the burning or stinging feeling every time you take a bite into one of these spicy treats.Capsaicin is released and immediately starts to cause burning sensation in your mouth o r whatever else it touches. As soon as our brain detects the pain, it releases an â€Å"Endorphin† which is a natural painkiller the human body produces. We conducted this research because we wanted to see if Kamias and Chili is a good alternative mosquito repellant. Mosquito repellants are really expensive nowadays, and we wanted to see if this mosquito repellant of ours would be a cheaper alternative. Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature In the past, chili was used only as spices because of its taste.After a while, it was discovered that is also good as a mosquito killer because of its pesticidal property. Kamias, on the other hand, was also used in food spices before it was also discovered by Battistelli in 1939 that it also has properties like astringent, stomachic, refrigerant, and antiscorbutic. Some of the researchers now are having kamias as wine but in this research study, I want to test the properties of the kamias fruit together with the chili. Chapter Three: Me thodology In our experiment, we have conducted several steps.

Working Girl Essay Example

Working Girl Essay Example Working Girl Essay Working Girl Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Working Girl The motion picture, Working Girl, is a romantic comedy movie produced in 1988. The picture, whose director was the talented Mike Nichols, recounts the stirring account of a stockbroker’s secretary with big dreams and aspirations. The secretary works in the Mergers and Acquisition subdivision in an investment bank. She is called upon to fill the shoes of her immediate boss, who injures her leg during skiing, and begins developing and creating novel business opportunities. The movie was nominated for the role of Best Picture during the 61st session of the Academy Awards that took place in March 29, 1989. Tess McGill is an astute, formally employed individual having just graduated from university with a Business Degree. From Staten Island, Tess dreams of becoming an executive in a company. However, she finds herself in trouble when she insults her colleague and finds that she is given a different assignment. She thereby becomes the assistant to a different financial executive who is known as Katherine Parker. Coming off as a supportive person, Parker persuades Tess to contribute her ideas actively. However, Katherine Parker fractures her leg while on a skiing trip in Europe and requests Tess to fill in for her while she is recuperating. Later, she accidentally finds out that Katherine plans to steal one of her ideas. Consequently, she finds her boyfriend sleeping with another woman. Afterwards, she decides to organize a conference with another executive, Jack Trainer, whom she unknowingly sleeps with after taking alcohol and valium while suffering a panic attack. To her advantage, Tra iner is positive with her idea and helps Tess have a meeting with another executive, Trask. Additionally, she discovers that Trainer was in a relationship with Katherine. A scuffle erupts between Katherine and Tess after arriving on the day of meeting. She lays the blame on Tess, arguing that Tess has stolen her idea. However, Trask confronts Katherine after being convinced by Jack and Tess that it was Tess’ idea. Katherine stumbles and is fired by Trask who offers Tess an executive job in the company. There are various themes that the movie exalts especially pertaining to issues affecting women. In the past, women never had any right to work; instead, they were discarded as homemakers and mothers without any involvement in financial matters and decision making in the family. Consequently, men were the ones responsible for discriminating women. According to John Stuart Mill, men hindered women from taking part in jobs believing that they were protecting them from hurting themselves. He further asserted that, in real sense, men were afraid of what women could accomplish if allowed to pursue other opportunities (Mill, 54). The discrimination of women further accentuated the rise of women civil rights movement. The movements characterized feminism, which championed the rights of women. Despite the movements taking place in different time eras, they similarly advocated for economic equity, equal political power, sexuality freedoms, reproductive privileges, family issues, equity in educ ations and employment equality as brought out in the film (Flexner and Fitzpatrick, 201). The film is an interesting piece to watch especially the calculative and manipulative nature of Katherine Parker and the resilience. However, it should be noted that the movie does not only connect with women’s intricacies in the job sector, but also on upward mobility. This is indicated by the appraisal of Tess McGill’s status from an ordinary secretary to a corporate executive. Furthermore, the movie portrays the competitive nature in companies and businesses in order to move up the social ladder. This is indicated by the manipulation of Tess McGill by her former figurehead, Katherine Parker, by stealing her ideas and causing her failure, which will eventually lead to a disastrous outcome. There have also been instances of sexual connotations, which have mostly ensued between McGill and another figurehead, Jack Trainer that still portrayed the use of manipulative techniques to ensure upward mobility. Flexner, Eleanor, and Ellen F. Fitzpatrick. Century of Struggle: The Woman’s Rights Movement in the United States. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 2000. Print. Mill, John S. The Subjection of Women. Lexinton, Kentucky: CreateSpace, 2012. Print.

When Do AP Scores Come Out 2019

When Do AP Scores Come Out 2019 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you've taken an AP exam recently or plan to take one soon, you’re probably wondering: when do AP scores come out?Unfortunately, you have to wait a bit longer for AP scores than you do for SAT/ACT scores. Keep reading to find out exactly when AP exam scores come out. In addition, learn where to find your AP scores and get tips on what you can do as you wait for them. AP Score Release Dates for 2019 AP scores are released each year in early July.While you’ll get all your scores at once, note that scores are rolled out over a few days. They are also released by rough geographic region. For example, in 2016 all the states on the east coast got their scores first, whereas those in the northwest got theirs last. Like in 2016,2017, and 2018, in 2019 AP scores will come out on July 5, and all of them will be released by July 9 (except for late-testing exam scores, which were released in August). The specific dates and times for AP scores in each state are listed below: 2019 AP Score Release Date States/Regions Friday, July 5* Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas Saturday, July 6* Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia Sunday, July 7* Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia Monday, July 8* California, Michigan, Ohio, Oregon Tuesday, July 9* Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming Canada, US Territories, International *All release times are 8 am Eastern Time (ET). If you're taking a late or alternate exam date, your score will be ready between mid-July and late August. Learn more about the 2019 score release schedule at the College Board website. How Do I Get My AP Scores? AP scores are posted online on theAP student website. You'll be able to access them through your College Board account, so make sure you have your username and password on hand. You’ll also need your AP number orthe student ID number you used on your AP answer sheet. AP scores are only available online- you won't get a letter or score report in the mail. (Back when I was in high school, though, and as recently as 2013, scores were only mailed and usually arrived in mid-July. You should be excited about the online score system since it’s much faster!) Worried about your SAT/ACT score? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Why Does It Take So Long to Grade AP Tests? While the fact that AP scores come out online saves some time, why does it take the College Board two months to grade AP exams when you can get your SAT scores after just a few weeks? The reason for this is that it takes a long time to grade free-response questions.Although the multiple-choice sections are graded by a computer, free responses aren’t graded until the annual AP Reading conference in June. The 2019 conference dates go fromJune 2 to June 18. This event is basically a huge conference where thousands of high school teachers and professors gather to grade all the free-response sections on AP tests. The AP Reading usually lasts about two weeks. Since it doesn’t start until June (to accommodate teachers’ and professors’ schedules), this makes the AP scoring process take longer. This is an actual picture from the 2013 Reading conference for AP Studio Art. Each portfolio is looked at by more than seven graders! Read more here if you're curious about what happens during grading. Once the conference is done, the College Board must work quickly to combine the free-response scores with the multiple-choice scores; this process involvesweighing and then scaling them to the final 1-5 scoring scale. Readers have just two weeks to do all of this before final AP scores are posted online in July. Even though the entire scoring process takes two months, it’s actually quite a feat for more than four million AP exams to be graded by real people every single year! Still Waiting for AP Scores? What to Do in the Meantime Since there's no way to see your AP scores before they're posted online, you’ll have to be patient and find a way to occupy yourself in the meantime. AP exams end in early May, but because most school years last until late May or June, try tofinish the school year strong. Your GPA is very important in college admissions, so use your time (now that the AP tests are over!) to maximize your grades, especially in your AP classes. Additionally, since you'll likely be taking finals around this time, make sure to study hard for these so that you can walk away from the class with a grade you're proud of. Finals often count for a big percentage of your overall class grade, so don't put off studying for them! If you're a freshman or sophomore, you might want touse this time to jumpstart your ACT or SAT prep. It might seem early, but the earlier in your career you begin studying for these tests, the more familiar you'll become with them (and the better you're likely to do). If you're a junior, you’ve hopefully already taken the SAT/ACT at least once. However, if you haven’t, definitely use the time after your AP test to study for one.If you've already taken the SAT/ACT but plan to retake the test, try to dive into your studies once you're done with AP tests. If you’re a senior, you'll likely have already gotten your college decisions by the time AP tests are done, so finish the year strong and enjoy graduation! What to Do After You Get Your AP Scores If you've passed your AP exams,start exploring the College Board's college database to see where you can get credit for your scores. You can also read about the College Board's score reporting serviceand begin thinking more about the college application process (if you're a junior). It won't be too long until you'll be filling this out for the first time. Start researching your options now! On the other hand, if you didn't pass an AP test, you might want toconsider retaking the exam next year, especially if it’s a course you want to get college credit for. Talk to your guidance counselor and/or AP teacher to discuss your options. Finally, check back online in August to see if you qualified for any of the AP Student awards. These are basically awards you get if you earn a certain number of passing scores on the AP tests. If you win an award, it will be included on any score reports you send to colleges. Nice! What’s Next? Above, we mentioned using your time after APs are over to jumpstart your SAT/ACT studying. Here are some of our best resources you can use: Develop an SAT/ACT studying timeline to maximize your score Learn key strategies to improve your scores onSAT Math, Reading, Writing, and theEssay Hear aboutthe most common ACT mistakeand get tips onhow to write a perfect essay Find practice tests for both the SAT and the ACT, for free online Use your dream schools tocome up with a target SAT or target ACT score Aiming for a perfect SAT/ACT score? Read our famous guides to scoring a perfect 1600 on the SAT anda perfect 36 on the ACT. Both were written by a full scorer! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Report making a change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report making a change - Essay Example The proposed change put forth by the researcher is to increase the number of the lectures related to oral health care and hygiene to 3 or 4 lectures per month, between June and August 2011. This can be made possible with the concurrence of the nursing educator and the various nursing unit representatives. The ultimate outcome will depend on in-patient satisfaction by addressing their oral care needs; this can be made possible through enhanced nurse education. Implementation of Proposed Change Below are the underlying principles which were observed in observed in carrying out the planned change. Gather Support from Top Management The first principle is to solicit support from top management. This can be explicitly done through the formation of a Team for Nurses’ Oral Health Education which should be comprised of the Nurse Educator, Nurse Managers, Education Team members and the nurses. Kotter (1996) stated that in managing change, mere control is not enough; rather, there is a need to effectively lead the change that needs to be brought about. A coalition of leaders and managers must be formed to manage change. By working as a team, the coalition helps to create more momentum and build the sense of urgency in relation to the need for change (Midttun and Martinussen 2005). The group must consist of proven leaders who can drive the change, tout the vision, and empower others, and good managers who can develop plans and control the processes (Schlussel 2009). Kotter (1996) also recognises the importance of the emotional dimension and the energy that is generated by a â€Å"mastermind† group all working together. Gather Support from Different Organizational Levels The second principle is the solicitation of support from other levels, by creating a common, compelling vision of what the enhancement could bring (Lansisalmi, KIvimaki, Aalto, and Ruoranen 2006). This includes the presentation of the proposal to all directors, staffs, and other personnel inv olved. Moreover, they should be convinced about the urgency of the change, with emphasis on the expected benefits. People who welcome change are not generally the best at being able to work reliably, dependably and follow processes Understanding people's needs is important to be able to manage change (Inkson 2007). Being mindful of people's strengths and weaknesses is also very crucial as not everyone welcomes change. It is fundamental to take the time to understand the people being dealt with, and how and why they feel like they do, before taking actions (Gutteridge, Leibowicz, & Shore 1993). The researcher also realised that change is not to be sold to people as a way of accelerating 'agreement' and implementation. 'Selling' change to people is not a sustainable strategy for long-term success, since doing so may just back fire in the future, when least expected. Instead, change needs to be understood and managed in a way that people can cope effectively with it. Change can be unse ttling, so the manager logically needs to be a settling influence (Bazzoli, Dynan. Burns, and Yap 2004). Establish and Communicate Urgency of Proposed Change According to Kotter (1996), an early task in effecting organizational change is establishing a sense of urgency. Change agents must help others see the need for change and the importance of acting immediately (Fox-Wolfgramm 2007). In planning for the oral health training program, 3 initial factors

Human Services Program and Profession Unit 4 discussion Research Paper

Human Services Program and Profession Unit 4 discussion - Research Paper Example It gives me a relentless rejuvenation to impact my intervention. Education is a very key aspect of human life. It may be argued that it is not a basic need, but reasoning beyond common knowledge depicts the contrary. Education is a shield that needs to be fortified at all levels (Grey, Hudson & Nelly, 2001). I have taken it upon myself to further my studies in order to participate in the high accolades of disseminating education to the world society. Guided with education, the world is poised for greater heights. Studies show that well over 90 percent of the world invention came as a result of education in one form or the other. We live in a civilized society thanks to education. We are currently marveling at the fruits of the efforts put in by our forerunners towards enhancing education. We are obliged to take the mantle. I shall not relent until I play my role in human

A Focus on the Different Economic Principles and Theories of John M Term Paper

A Focus on the Different Economic Principles and Theories of John M. Keynes - Term Paper Example Keynesian economic principles promote mixed economies in which both the state as well as the private sector will play significant roles. The emergence of Keynesian economics closed the curtain on laissez-faire economics that were based on the idea that markets as well as the private sectors could be able to operate independently without government intervention (Keynes, 1936). Keynesian economists believe in the government's role to level the business environment. State intervention may take the form of tax breaks and government spending with a view of stimulating the economy. In good economic times, government expenditure cuts as well as tax hikes would help curb inflation (Blinder, 2006). This paper advances Keynes’s theory that the best way to ensure economic stability and growth is by active government intervention in the marketplace and monetary policy. Keynesian Principles Keynes differed with the Classical economic theories posing various arguments to disapprove them. Basically, Keynes believed that markets could not automatically attain full-employment equilibrium, but rather, the economy would settle in equilibrium at any given level of unemployment (Blinder, 2006). This implies that the classical principles of non-intervention by government would not apply. For the economy to grow in the correct direction, it would require prodding and this means active government intervention in order to manage the demand level. The Keynesian principles are illustrated on the basis of circular income flow. In case of disequilibrium between income injections and leakages, then, according to classical economists, prices would move to appropriately restore the equilibrium. However, Keynes principles that the output level (National Income) will adjust appropriately in attempt to restore equilibrium (Keynes, 1936). For instance, if, for some reason, there is a rise in income injections, say due to increased government expenditure, an imbalance would result between injections and leakages. Following the resulting extra aggregate demand, firms will tend to employ more persons and this would result in more income within the economy. Some of this income could be spent while some would be saved or remitted in tax. The extra expenditure is likely to prompt most of the firms in that economy to increase their production further creating even more employment opportunities and in turn increasing income within the economy. This process will continue until it finally comes to a stop. It would finally stop since with every increase in income, leakages’ levels also increase (tax, savings and imports). When income injections finally equal the leakages, equilibrium will be restored. This process, according to Keynes is referred to as the Multiplier effect (Blinder, 2006). Keynesian Theories Keynes suggested that it was not a perfect idea to rely on market s in order to attain full employment in the economy. He believed strongly in his view that economies can settle at any given equilibrium. As a result, there couldn’t be automatic changes that could correct equilibrium in the markets. The main theories used to justify the Keynesian view are: The labor market theory (the monetarist theory), the money market theory (market for loan-able fund theory), the Multiplier effect theory and the Keynesian Inflation Theory (Keynes, 1936). Monetarist Theory: The Labor Market To Keynes, wage determination is more complex. First, he pointed out that it nominal wages but not real wages that are often subjected to negotiations between workers and their employers such as in barter relationship. In the first place, it is very difficult to effect nominal wage cuts due

Importance of Wearing a Condom Essay Example for Free

Importance of Wearing a Condom Essay The aim of using a condom is to ensure that there is no contact between the sexual fluids that come from a man’s penis and the sexual fluids, blood or ‘lining’ inside his partner’s body (vagina or anus). Using a condom prevents transmission of sexually transmitted diseases/illnesses (STIs) – from man to woman and from woman to man or from man to man. Using a condom prevents unwanted pregnancy and allows couples to plan when they have children. If used correctly, a condom stops HIV passing from an infected person (who may not know he or she is infected) to an uninfected person. Condoms can also stop someone with HIV being re-infected with the virus. Without a condom, STIs and HIV can pass from one body to another – man or woman. During penetrative intercourse without a condom (in other words, where sexual fluids mix as a result of contact between genitals), a man’s body can pick up HIV from an infected partner – or a woman’s body can pick up HIV from an infected partner. Condom use is always crucial because HIV and some other STIs have no symptoms – they are invisible. Another advantage is that condoms delay ejaculation, increasing the length of penetrative sexual intimacy and pleasure. Many people have already contracted HIV. Using condoms correctly can protect them from re-infection and from increasing their viral load. Condoms also keep their partners or spouses safe from infection during intercourse. Condoms, used properly and with confidence (every time): * Can prevent (re-)infection from many STIs, including HIV. * Can protect fertility (some STIs, with few evident symptoms, can cause infertility in women and men). * Can enable you to plan pregnancy – or prevent it. * Can help you avoid anxiety and risk and let you choose health, safe pleasure and to care for your body (whatever sex you are) and for your partner’s body (whatever sex they are).

Development of memory in infancy

Development of memory in infancy Discuss, with reference to appropriate experimental studies, the development of memory in infancy. Memory is the process of encoding, storing and retrieving information. Encoding is the acquiring and the entering of information into the system. Storage is the retaining of the memories over time, and retrieval is recovering the stored memories when required to do so. Memory consists of three systems. Firstly there is the sensory memory, which is the perceptual system which stores only the recently acquired images for long enough to integrate it with the next, therefore producing an apparent motion. Secondly there is short-term memory that is a temporary storage for small quantities of information for a brief time. Finally the long-term memory system holds relatively permanent information. Studying the development of memory in infancy has many benefits, as it helps to show how memory develops over time. This knowledge from research can be applied to different settings, for example an educational setting, where the more a teacher understands about the memory development of children the more they can use this information to guide childrens learning therefore giving the best possible learning outcomes. This essay will discuss the strategies used to help with encoding, storing and retrieving information. To help compare the development of infants memory, studies with older children have been included. Memory strategies are the ways in which people effectively remember information. These strategies include encoding strategies and retrieval strategies. Encoding strategies are used to help enter the information into the memory; this can include rehearsal, organisation and elaboration. Rehearsal refers to the mental repetition of information. Brainerd and Reynas (2002) fuzzy trace theory suggests there are two memory representations. These are verbatim trace and gist trace. The verbatim trace refers to remembering information exactly, whereas gist trace is remembering the general meaning of the information. The gist trace representations last, but the verbatim trace representations leads to more forgetting. Flavell, Beach and Chinsky (1966) studied rehearsal in 5 year, 7 year and 10 year olds. Each age group had 20 children, who were all given a set of 7 pictures. The children were told to try and remember some of the pictures. After a 15 seconds gap, the children were asked to say al oud the pictures they could recall. During the 15 seconds gap a lip reader assessed what they believed each children might have been saying to themselves. They found that two of the 5 year olds, more than half of the 7 year olds, and most of the 10 year olds repeated the pictures to themselves. It was found that rehearsal lead to better recall. Flavell et al. (1966) found that age differences may show the development of strategies used, such as rehearsal. Although some of the children may have been using rehearsal strategies, but may not have moved their lips. McGilly and Siegler (1990) carried out an extension on Flavell et al.s (1966) study, by also asking children to report how they remembered the pictures. They found a high amount of children (74%) reported using rehearsal strategies. However only 39% were observed, by lip reading techniques, using rehearsal strategies. Therefore suggesting that children of all ages use rehearsal, however it may not be as effectively used in you nger children (Smith, Cowie Blades, 2003). This would explain age differences in recall in Flavell et al.s (1966) study. Ornstein, Naus and Liberty (1975) compared the rehearsal strategies of 7 year olds and adults. Participants were given a word to remember every 5 seconds, and asked to say aloud what they were thinking. They found that children repeated the word until the next word was given, then they would repeat the next word. Whereas adults repeated the word until they were given the second word, then they would repeat both words. Therefore showing that adults effectively used organization, but 7 year old children did not use this at all. This is important in showing that children use rehearsal strategies, but they lack the knowledge of how to effectively use such strategies. A study by Naus, Ornstein and Aivano (1977) taught 8 year olds a strategy of rehearsing in groups of three. They found that the 8 year olds could recall the same amount as 12 year olds, after being taught the chunking strategy. Therefore younger children can do this, but the organization of rehearsal does not occur naturally at these ages. Organisation, or chunking, is the grouping of information in an effective way to help with encoding. Moely, Olson, Halwes Flavell (1969) showed children a set of pictures that were in a random order in laid out in front of them. The set included pictures of animals and furniture, for example. The children were instructed to learn all the pictures and if it helped them they were allowed to rearrange the pictures. It was found that the children of 10 years and older had effectively used organisation strategies, as 10 year olds had categorised pictures according to whether it was an animal, or a piece of furniture, etc. As with rehearsal strategies, the younger children were not effectively using the organisation strategy. The children use this strategy, but do not seem to have developed knowledge of how it is best to be used, like the older children had. Elaboration is the strategy when people make associations between given information to help with encoding and the subsequent recall of this information. Foley, Wilder, McCall and Van Vorst (1993) gave 6 and 9 year olds verbal images to help them to recall pairs of words. The childrens recall was better if the image was basic, yet memorable. Pressley and Levin (1980) found that children of 7 years could use elaboration if an effective image was given with the pair of words, of which one was English and the other was its Spanish equivalent. This led to children learning the words better. Therefore children can use elaboration as an encoding strategy when given support, but the use of elaboration by themselves had not yet developed fully. As Buckhalt, Mahoney and Paris (1976) found when children first begin to use elaborations they use simple, static elaboration, whereas older children use active elaborations. Active elaborations are images that are distinctive and therefore remembered better, allowing for a better recall. Leichtman and Ceci (1995) studied the reliability of childrens testimony. The study was set in a preschool, where a stranger, Sam Stone, came in for a day. Some of the children were then given suggestive interviews every week for four weeks after. All of the children were interviewed on the fifth week, by a new interviewer, who had not seen Sam Stone or any of the previous interviews. The children were firstly asked for a report of what happened on the day of Sam Stones visit, and then asked questions. The leading questions had led a high majority of the 3-4 year olds to make false claims, although the 5-6 year olds were less likely to do this. Therefore younger childrens encoding is effected by what is inferred by other people, for example the leading questions in Leichtman and Cecis (1995) study inferred that Sam Stone had done something wrong, this lead to 72% of the 3-4 year olds saying he had done it, and 44% even claiming to have seen him do it. The older children were not affe cted by the leading questions as much, therefore showing that the encoding for the older children may have been better as they felt secure in what they could recall. Retrieval strategies are the ways in which people recall information from long-term memory. Kreutzer, Leonard and Flavell (1975) studied how 5 and 10 year olds would retrieve information from long-term memory. They used a story and asked the children how they could remember the answer. Kreutzer et al. (1975) found all 10 year olds could think of one way at least, whereas only half the 5 year olds could do this. Therefore the 5 year olds had not all developed effective retrieval strategies. Kobasigawa (1974) used 24 pictures, from 8 categories, for children of 6, 8 and 11 years of age to learn. Along with the pictures the children were shown 8 cue cards, one for each category. Later on the children were shown the cue cards and asked to recall the earlier pictures. A third of the 6 year olds used the cue cards, whereas most of the older groups did this. The 11 year olds only effectively used the cue cards, by using them to help name all the pictures they could remember from that catego ry. The 6 and 8 year olds who used the cue cards, only named one picture from each category. Therefore suggesting that the 6 year olds had not developed the knowledge of how to use cue cards. The 8 year olds knew to use the cue cards, but they didnt know exactly how to use them. Therefore full knowledge of the usefulness of cue cards must develop later on, as the 11 year olds could use them effectively. Retrieval cues, such as cue cards, are strong aids to recall, according to Nelson (1990) people have no early memories because verbal cues are used as retrieval cues. Simcock and Hayne (2002) assessed the language skills of infants of 27, 33 and 39 months, and then tested the infants verbally and non-verbally. The infants were then tested on their recall at 6 or 12 months later. Simcock and Hayne (2002) found retention on both verbal and non-verbal recall, however non-verbal memory recall was better than verbal. They also found that verbal recall reflected the verbal abilities at the time of encoding, therefore showing that encoding is important in the recall of information. Overall many of the basic processes are seen at birth, and are crucial from the early days. Memory strategies develop from the second year, but only become predominant between 5 to 7 years old, these strategies include rehearsal, organisation and elaboration. With age comes the development of quality, frequency, flexibility and the effective use of these strategies. Changes in the efficiency with age of encoding can be seen, as at the age of 2-5 years children can hold from 2 to 4 pieces of information in short-term memory, and at 7 years this is increased to 5 pieces of information. This is through the effective use of rehearsal, as this helps the child to become better at registering information as well as organising it and therefore helping to make storage and retrieval easier. Meta-cognitive skills refer to knowing that you know. Implicit knowledge of meta-cognition skills can be seen later on in infancy, whereas explicit knowledge develops from the age of 5 to 15. In general children under-report, therefore specific questioning leads to greater reporting and prevents the information from decay. To increase retrieval of information in infants it is important to encourage them to think deeply about what they are being asked to remember (Butler, Gross Hayne, 1995). The phrasing of the question can clearly lead children into the answer they think the interviewer wants, as Leichtman and Cecis (1995) study has shown. An important area to study in memory is forgetting, as a lot can be learnt about memory from what is not remembered as well as what is. For example, Hartshorn et al. (1998) found that infants aged between 2 and 18 months exhibited retention after the shortest test delays. They also found as the interval increased the younger infants were the first to forget, this is determined by experience. This study shows that forgetting is affected by experience; therefore what is remembered must also be affected by experience. Research into memory development in infants needs to take into account the biological side, as the brain is still changing and developing itself and plays a huge role in memory. References Butler, S., Gross, J., Hayne, H. (1995). The effect of drawing on memory performance in young children. Developmental Psychology, 31, p. 597-608. Brainerd, C. J., Reyna, V. F. (2002). Fuzzy-trace theory and false memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, p. 164-169. Buckhalt, J.A., Mahoney, G. J., Paris, S. G. (1976). Efficiency of self-generated elaborations by EMR and nonretarded children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 81, p. 93-96. Flavell, J. H., Beach, D. R., Chinsky, J. M. (1966). Spontaneous verbal rehearsal in a memory task as a function of age. Child Development, 37, p. 283-299. Foley, M. A., Wilder, A., McCall, R., Van Vorst, R. (1993). The consequences for recall of childrens ability to generate interactive imagery in the absence of external supports. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56, p. 173-200. Hartshorn, K., Rovee-Collier, C., Gerhardstein, P., Bhatt, R. S., Klein, P. J., Aaron, F., Wondoloski, T. L., Wurtzel, N. (1998). Developmental changes in the specificity of memory over the first year of life. Developmental Psychobiology, 33, p. 61-78. Kobasigawa, A. (1974). Utilization of retrieval cues by children in recall. Child Development, 45, p. 127-134. Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H. (1975). An interview study of childrens knowledge about memory. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 40, p. 1-58. Leichtman, M., Ceci, S. (1995). The effects of stereotypes and suggestions on preschoolers reports. Developmental Psychology, 31, p. 568-578. McGilly, K., Siegler, R. S. (1990). The influence of encoding and strategic knowledge on childrens choices among serial recall strategies. Developmental Psychology, 26, p. 931-941. Moely, B. E., Olson, F. A., Halwes, T. G., Flavell, J. H. (1969). Production deficiency in young childrens clustered recall. Developmental Psychology, 1, p. 26-34. Naus, M. J., Ornstein, P. A., Aivano, S. (1977). Developmental changes in memory: The effects of processing time and rehearsal instructions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 23, p. 237-251. Nelson, K. (1990). Remembering, forgetting, and childhood amnesia. In R. Fivush J. A. Hudson (Eds.), Knowing and remembering in young children. P. 301-306. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. Ornstein, P. A., Naus, M. J., Liberty, C. (1975). Rehearsal and organizational processes in childrens memory. Child Development, 46, p. 818-830. Pressley, M., Levin, J. R. (1980). The development of mental imagery retrieval. Child Development, 61, p. 973-982. Simcock, G., Hayne, H. (2002). Breaking the barrier: Children do not translate their preverbal memories into language. Psychological Science, 13, p. 225-231. Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., Blades, M. (2003). Understanding Childrens Development (4th Edition). Blackwell.